Matthew 6:9-13 - After this manner therefore pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive
our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory,
forever. Amen.
The Sermon for this week is: Alternatives To The Resurrection - Matthew 28:11-15
- Now when they were going, behold, some of the watch came
into the city, and shewed unto the chief priests all the things that were done. And when they were assembled with the elders,
and had taken counsel, they gave large money unto the soldiers, Saying, Say ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him
away while we slept. And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, and secure
you. So they took the money, and did as they were taught: and this saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day.
INTRODUCTION
1. There are certain facts of history that no one can deny...
a. That many people testified they saw Jesus raised from the dead
b. That these same people suffered greatly because of their testimony
-- Such facts support the actual resurrection of Jesus from the dead
2. But from the beginning, there have been alternative theories to explain the empty tomb...
a. Matthew records the earliest theory: the disciples stole the body - Matthew
28:11-15 - Now when they were going, behold, some of the watch came into the city, and shewed unto the chief priests
all the things that were done. And when they were assembled with the elders, and had taken counsel, they gave large money
unto the soldiers, Saying, Say ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him away while
we slept. And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, and secure you. So they took the money, and did as
they were taught: and this saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day.
3. Because of the significance of the resurrection (described in a previous lesson)...
a. Those opposed to the gospel know that this event must be discredited
b. We who believe in Jesus must always be ready to provide a defense - 1 Peter 3:15 - But sanctify
the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give
an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:
1) Not only why we accept the testimony of the witnesses (see previous lesson)
alternative explanations impossible to accept
2) But why we find [In this study, we shall consider various “Alternatives To The Resurrection”,
and why they are inadequate to explain the empty tomb. We begin with the first explanation...]
I. THE DISCIPLES STOLE THE BODY
A. ELEMENTS OF THIS THEORY...
1. The disciples stole the body, then claimed that He rose from the dead
2. This was the “official” theory offered from the very beginning - Matthew 28:11-15 - SEE ABOVE
B. PROBLEMS WITH THIS THEORY...
1. The explanation defies logic
a. If the soldiers were asleep...
1) How did they know it was the disciples who took the body?
2) How could the large stone guarding the entrance be rolled away without awakening the soldiers?
b. The soldiers guarding the tomb were Romans - cf. Matthew27:62-66 - Now the next day, that
followed the day of the preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate, Saying, Sir, we remember that
that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I will rise again. Command therefore that the sepulchre be made
sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from
the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first. Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as sure as ye can. So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting
a watch.
b. Other theories have been raised as well
1) They were professional soldiers
2) Charged to guard the tomb with their lives
3) The punishment for falling asleep while on duty was death
2. This would make those who testified they saw Jesus liars and frauds
a. As we saw in the previous lesson, they claimed empirical evidence
b. Suppose just a few disciples stole the body, unbeknown by others...
1) Such as Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea, or the women
2) Others still say they saw Jesus, ate and drank with Him
c. You have to explain why they were willing to lie and die knowing it was a lie
[The likelihood of timid disciples stealing the body of Jesus out from under the noses of highly disciplined
and skilled Roman soldiers while they slept (an offense punishable by death) is hard to believe! Perhaps that is why those
who refuse to believe in the resurrection have proposed alternative explanations, one being...]
II. THEY WENT TO THE WRONG TOMB
A. ELEMENTS OF THIS THEORY...
1. The women went to the wrong tomb, and found it empty
2. They erroneously concluded that Jesus had risen, and their story spread
B. PROBLEMS WITH THIS THEORY...
1. The women had been to the tomb before - Matthew 28:61 - And there was Mary Magdalene, and
the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre.
2. The religious and political leaders could have easily silenced the apostles’ claim
a. If the women went to the wrong tomb, then the right tomb was still sealed and guarded by the Roman
soldiers
b. When the apostles’ created an uproar with their story of the resurrection of Jesus (cf. Acts
4:1-2 - And as they spake unto the people, the priests, and the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees, came upon
them, Being grieved that they taught the people, and preached through Jesus the resurrection from the dead. ; Acts
5:27-33 - And when they had brought them, they set them before the council: and the
high priest asked them, Saying, Did not we straitly command you that ye should not teach in this name? and, behold, ye have
filled Jerusalem with your doctrine, and intend to bring this man's blood upon us. Then Peter and the other apostles answered and said, We ought to obey God rather than men. The God of our fathers raised up Jesus,
whom ye slew and hanged on a tree. Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince
and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him. When they heard that, they were cut to the heart, and took counsel to slay them.), the Jewish
leaders could have directed people to the right tomb and presented the body of Jesus!
3. You have the testimony of the apostles to contend with, as well
[A more popular explanation in some circles is...]
III. JESUS SWOONED AND LATER REVIVED
A. ELEMENTS OF THIS THEORY...
1. Jesus did not actually die on the cross, He only swooned
a. Suffering from shock, pain, and loss of blood, He fainted (swooned) from exhaustion
b. Thinking that He was dead, the Roman soldiers took Him down and buried Him in the tomb
2. In the coolness of the tomb, He revived
a. Somehow He left the tomb
b. Appeared to His disciples, then lived in obscurity to die years later
B. PROBLEMS WITH THIS THEORY...
1. Jesus would have had to revive sufficiently enough to:
a. Break through the burial garments that bound Him, including a hundred pounds
of spices used in preparing His body for burial - John 19:38-40 - And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being
a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate
gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus. And there came also Nicodemus,
which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the
Jews is to bury.
b. Role away the large stone that sealed the tomb
c. Fight off the Roman guards protecting the tomb
d. Walk the seven miles to Emmaus where He was seen by the two disciples
e. Walk back to Jerusalem where He was seen by the apostles
-- All within the same day!
2. Every effort was made to prove He was dead
a. The Roman soldiers at the cross pierced His side - John 19:31-34 - The Jews therefore, because
it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an
high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken
away. Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him. But when they
came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his
side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.
1) Out of which flowed blood and water
2) An indication He was already dead, having died of a ruptured heart
b. Pilate made sure He was dead - Mark 15:43-45 - Joseph of Arimathaea, an honourable counsellor,
which also waited for the kingdom of God, came, and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus. And Pilate marvelled
if he were already dead: and calling unto him the centurion, he asked him whether he had
been any while dead. And when he knew it of the centurion, he gave the body to Joseph.
1) When Joseph of Arimathea wanted the body
2) The Roman centurion confirmed that Jesus was dead
3. Not only would this make the apostles liars and frauds, but Jesus also for allowing a lie to spread
for years!
[Another popular alternative explanation is...]
IV. THE DISCIPLES HAD HALLUCINATIONS OR VISIONS
A. ELEMENTS OF THIS THEORY...
1. All of Christ’s post-resurrection appearances were only supposed appearances
2. Those who claimed to see Jesus had hallucinations
B. PROBLEMS WITH THIS THEORY...
1. Remember that the appearances were not just to individuals, one at a time
a. The two disciples on the road to Emmaus claimed to see Him - Luke 24:13-35
- And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs. And they talked together of all these things which had happened. And it came to pass,
that, while they communed together and reasoned, Jesus himself drew near, and went with them.
But their eyes were holden that they should not know him. And he said unto them, What manner of communications
are these that ye have one to another, as ye walk, and are sad?
And the one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answering said unto him, Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not
known the things which are come to pass there in these days? And he said unto them, What things?
And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people:
And how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be condemned to death, and have crucified him. But we trusted that
it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this, to day is the third day since these things were done.
Yea, and certain women also of our company made us astonished, which were early at the sepulchre; And when they found not
his body, they came, saying, that they had also seen a vision of angels, which said that he was alive. And certain of them
which were with us went to the sepulchre, and found it even so as the women had said: but
him they saw not. Then he said unto them, O fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets
have spoken: Ought not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?
And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself. And
they drew nigh unto the village, whither they went: and he made as though he would have gone further. But they constrained
him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them. And it
came to pass, as he sat at meat with them, he took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and
gave to them. And their eyes were opened, and they knew him; and he vanished out of their sight. And they said one to another,
Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the scriptures? And they rose
up the same hour, and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven gathered together, and them that were with them, Saying,
The Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared to Simon. And they told what things were done
in the way, and how he was known of them in breaking of bread.
b. Ten apostles claimed to see Him - John 20:19-25 - Then the same
day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples
were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace
be unto you. And when he had so said, he shewed unto them
his hands and his side. Then were the disciples glad, when they saw the Lord. Then said Jesus
to them again, Peace be unto you:
as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you. And
when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto them, Receive
ye the Holy Ghost: Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose soever sins ye
retain, they are retained. But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. The other
disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print
of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.
c. He appeared to over 500 people at once - 1 Corinthians 15:6 - After that, he was seen of
above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.
2. The hallucination theory contradicts laws and principles which psychiatrists say are essential to hallucinations:
a. Only certain kinds of people have hallucinations
1) These are usually high-strung, highly imaginative, and very nervous people
2) Usually only paranoid or schizophrenic individuals have hallucinations
3) The appearances were not restricted to people of any particular psychological make up
b. Hallucinations are linked in an individual’s subconscious
1) An individual may have an hallucination
2) But hallucinations do not appear to groups of people
c. They occur in people when there is a spirit of anticipation or hopeful expectation
1) The disciples had no such anticipation - Luke 24:13-21 - And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus, which was from Jerusalem
about threescore furlongs. And they talked together of all these things which had happened.
And it came to pass, that, while they communed together and reasoned, Jesus himself drew
near, and went with them. But their eyes were holden that they should not know him. And he said unto them, What manner of communications are these that ye have
one to another, as ye walk, and are sad? And the one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answering said unto him, Art
thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass there in these days? And he said unto
them, What things? And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was a prophet
mighty in deed and word before God and all the people: And how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be condemned
to death, and have crucified him. But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this,
to day is the third day since these things were done.
2) They were prone to disbelieve even after they were told of the resurrection - John 20:24-25 - But
Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. The other disciples therefore said unto him,
We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into
the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.
[Then there is the theory that...]